Humanin is the first described mitochondrially encoded peptide (MDP): a small 21-amino-acid molecule encoded in mitochondrial 16S rRNA and secreted by cells under high metabolic stress. This discovery transformed understanding of mitochondria: they are not merely energy organelles, but sources of signaling molecules that coordinate the body's response to stress and damage. Humanin levels in circulation positively correlate with lifespan in several species and reliably decline with age in mice and humans — and children of long-lived individuals have roughly twice the levels of peers from the general population.
Neuroprotective mechanisms are realized through several complementary pathways. Humanin blocks the apoptotic cascade by binding Bax and preventing its insertion into the mitochondrial membrane. Simultaneously, it activates STAT3 phosphorylation, reduces amyloid-β and tau pathology accumulation, protects hippocampal cholinergic neurons, and prevents synaptic loss — including via a glial (astrocytic) secretion pathway. In mouse models of age-related cognitive decline, two-week injections of a Humanin analog significantly improved spatial and working memory in 12-month-old animals to levels comparable to young animals. In the retina, Humanin protected retinal pigment epithelium from oxidative damage, reducing pathology in macular degeneration.
The systemic profile extends beyond neurons: Humanin improves insulin sensitivity via the hepatic STAT3 pathway, reduces inflammatory markers (TNF-α, IL-6), inhibits atherosclerotic lesions in endothelium, and preserves reproductive function in aging animals. This makes it one of the most broadly acting MDPs: a single molecule simultaneously affecting neuro-, cardio-, and metabolic aging axes.
🧬 Mitochondrial stress response (systemic): ★★★★★
🧠 Neuroprotection and cognition (preclinical): ★★★★★
🍬 Insulin sensitivity and inflammation: ★★★★☆
✅ Safety: ★★★★☆ (endogenous molecule; adverse events rarely identified in studies)
⚠️ Possible sensations and side effects: limited human data; preclinically neutral
🤝 Combinations (goal → stack)
🧬 Longevity + mitochondria → Humanin + NAD+
🧠 Neuro-recovery + MDP → Humanin + SS-31
🛡️ Comprehensive anti-aging axis → Humanin + Epitalon
| CAS Number | 330936-69-1 |
| Batch Purity | 99.71 % |
Full information in our guide
https://peptideboost.club/guide/humanin
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